浅析 (be) subject to的翻译方法

浅析 (be) subject to的翻译方法

Subject有很多词性。名词：主语、科目、臣民等。形容词：（可能）受…影响的，受…支配的等。动词：使遭受等。其形容词和动词一般跟to搭配，这就使得译者在翻译时机动灵活，根据具体语境来确定翻译。下面就依据例子来具体讲解如何翻译含有（be）subject to的句子。 

1. 可以译为“服从，隶属，臣服于”。这一意思主要是由于subject的“臣民”释义得出。可以理解为an event will take place subject to a condition，it will take place only if that thing happens.也可以理解为 someone is subject to a particular set of rules or laws，they have to obey those rules or laws. 

如：《现代英汉综合大词典》这两个例子 

The prices for food are subject to variation. 
      食品的价格可能变更. 

It is a bounden duty for a soldier to be subjected to the orders. 
服从命令是军人的天职。 
All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards. 
一切核设施均须执行国际防护措施。 

在这一释义中需要注意的是，在一些规定条款的句子中，（be）subject to 要根据该语境成“须经”，“必须等等。 
      The treaty is subject to ratification. 
      此条约经批准后才能生效. 
      2. 可以译为“使经受，使受到，受（…）影响的”。英语释义为To be subject to something means to be affected by it or to be likely to be affected by it. 
      如《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》的例句 
      The accident subjected her to a deadly blow. 
      这次意外使她受到致命的打击。 
      再如短语to subject someone to hard suffering 
      让某人经受艰苦的锻炼 　　

His illness left him subject to asthmatic attacks. 
他的病使他容易出现哮喘发作. 　　

3.（be）subject to 在一些语境中也可以翻译成“（使）…遭受，易受…的；常受…的” 

英文释义为you subject someone to something unpleasant，you make them experience it.或者是If someone is subject to a particular set of rules or laws，they have to obey those rules or laws. 
       如You'll subject yourself to shame. 

你将使你自己蒙羞。 

The man who had subjected her to four years of beatings and abuse. 

那个使她遭受了4年殴打和辱骂的男人。 

The tribunal is unique because Mr.Jones is not subject to the normal police discipline code. 

这个审判很特别，因为琼斯先生不受一般的警务纪律约束。 

Flights are subject to delay because of the fog. 

犹豫有雾，航班可能延误。 

4.虽然以上列举了（be）subject to 的几种翻译，但在具体实践中还要求译者根据具体语境做出最恰当，最符合母语特征的翻译。 
      Time's up. There is a little more to say，I think，and certainly the possible ways in which Russian formalism is subject to critique need quickly to be passed in review. 
      下课了，我还有一些话要说，俄国的形式主义，作为批评的对象飞快的被人们淡忘了。 
      Should we say of somebody who's fainted or knows that they're subject to fainting spells，they never actually believe that they pass out？ 
      我们该说那些昏倒了，或者是中了昏迷魔法的人，不会相信自己昏倒了吗？ 
      笔者就（be）subject to在实际翻译的具体实践进行了一些浅显的总结，希望能给读者一些启示。

本文由王雪玲整理发布！